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Better for Farmer and Saves Lots of Water
Tata Teleservices Limited (TTSL), a telecom company in India, has launched a new service that allows farmers to operate their irrigation pumps remotely using a SMS-capable cellphone. This is extremely useful because the alternative often is for the farmers to walk many miles to the pumps, often at night because the electricity supply is a bit more reliable then (and sometimes after walking for hours, they arrive to find out that the electricity is out).

The Business Standard writes:

Under the service, farmers will have to buy a Tata Indicom mobile connection and a mobile modem that will be attached to the starter of the pump set. After registration, the subscriber (farmer) will be provided with a unique code number. Using the mobile handset, the farmer can remotely switch on and switch off the pump set with the assigned code number. The farmer can also check the on/off status as well as the availability of power by a particular tone. “This service is exceptionally functional in order to save lot of time and energy in the regions that have erratic power supply,” Bhasin said.

The subscriber will be charged Rs 2,700 for the device and an additional amount for the handset that offers lifetime validity. The service comprises two handsets that will be provided with the bundled offer - one installed with the device while the other remains with the farmer. All the calls made to the pump by the Tata Indicom mobile will be free whereas the other calls will be charged as per the tariff plan given to the subscriber.

(2,700 Indian Rupees is about $60 US)

This is excellent for social and economic reasons, obvious (spending less time turning pumps on and off means there’s more time for more productive activities), but from an environmental point of view, this is also very important because this means that water can be used more efficiently, which means that India’s agricultural sector can become more drought resistant over time, and that more water from rivers will be left as drinking water for India’s massive population.

The heat pump is an air conditioner, which can heat and cool your house. One simple explanation is that the best heat pump will extract heat that is found in air or ground outside your home and will transfer that heat in your house in its place. Under the exact conditions it will do this considerably more cheaply than gas or oil furnace.

Consider the following questions while buying the best heat pump:

· Is heat pump a best choice — or it would be better buying furnace and central air conditioner?

· What is the perfect size that you should buy?

· What is the heat pump efficiency, also how efficient should your pump be?

· Which brand name is best for your house?

· Who must install it?

As the best heat pump can heat and cool your house, do not buy a heat pump then the central air conditioner. In addition, would you rather have a single device to buy, install as well as maintain than both central air conditioner and furnace? While the answer can be easy, you must consider some factors.

Seasonal weather in your area is probably the most significant factor in this preference. If temperature hardly ever dips under 40 degrees Fahrenheit, then you can most likely heat your house affordably with a heat pump than a furnace. However, if the temperature is colder, then you must consider having a backup heat source. Many people select a gas or an oil furnace to serve up this purpose — for reasons of price and because the furnace will keep temperatures warm when the temperature outside and inside increases.

Second, the best heat pumps are normally a little more expensive than central air conditioners of same efficiency and capacity. For instance, at one direct to consumer retailer, 1.5 ton, and 13 SEER Rheem pump retails for $100 more than an equivalent 13 SEER Rheem air conditioner. The contractors
may charge more to install the heat pump than the central air conditioner.

The third criterion to think of is longevity. As the central air conditioner is usually used only during summer months, and the best heat pumps are used during summer and winter, the lifespan of the pump is usually shorter than of central air conditioner. The maintenance costs are usually higher also, since compressor, controls as well as other components can run more months out of a year.

The water pump impeller on a boat is a crucial piece of equipment that allows the water pump to pump water through the motor to keep it cool. The impeller is a rubber turbine that, when it turns, creates a vacuum in the pump body and draws water through the pump and the rest of the motor. Replacing the impeller is a common maintenance procedure as over time it can become cracked and worn.

Step 1

Examine the bottom of the motor and find the four mounting screws holding the bottom shroud on. Use a screwdriver to remove the screws and disconnect the wiring harness inside the shroud.

Step 2

Slide the lower shroud off of the motor and then clamp the lower shroud in the vice. Locate the water pump housing (shaped like a silver bell) and use the socket wrenches to remove the mounting bolts around the corners. Slide the housing up and off of the transmission shaft and the use a set of pliers to pull the impeller out of the housing.

Step 3

Insert the new impeller into the housing and slide the housing back down the transmission shaft. Remount the housing with the mounting bolts and then slide the lower motor shroud back into place on the bottom of the upper motor shroud. Make sure to reattach the wiring harness and then secure the motor shroud with the mounting screws.

Heat pumps are becoming a more common alternative to central air conditioners because they also can heat your house. The cost of electricity for heating and cooling a house, although it gradually increases as do most prices over time, is much less volatile than natural gas, oil or propane. You also may get up to a $1,500 tax credit for installing a heat pump.

A geothermal heat pump is one of the most energy-efficient heating and cooling systems for any climate. Even though it provides a good payback on the investment, particularly in very hot or cold climates, the initial installation costs are considerably higher than for air-source models.

An air-source heat pump is basically a central air conditioner with a few extra parts. During the summer, it draws heat from the indoor air and, through a refrigeration cycle identical to an air conditioner, expels the heat outdoors. The cooling efficiency is rated by its SEER (seasonal energy efficiency ratio).

During the winter, a reversing valve inside the outdoor condenser unit switches position. This reverses the flow of the refrigerant, so it begins to draw heat from the outdoor air and transfers it to an indoor coil. Heating efficiency is rated by HSPF (heating seasonal performance factor).

There have been many recent developments in air-source heat pumps. The modulating, multistage-output rotary compressor design is now available. This produces extremely high efficiencies for both heating and cooling (HSPF, 10; SEER, 22). You can get $2 to $3 worth of heat for each $1 on your utility bills.

This heat pump uses a rotary compressor with inverter technology to allow it to vary its heating or cooling output from about one-third to full capacity output. This not only saves electricity, but it also produces extremely good comfort, quiet operation and even room temperatures. Two-stage heat pumps also improve efficiency and comfort over standard single-stage models.

Another new heat pump design is for cold climates. It uses a second booster compressor to allow it to continue to produce heat efficiently at lower outdoor temperatures. It offers four heating and two cooling stages. Other non-booster heat pumps can be coupled with a high-efficiency gas furnace for a hybrid system in cold climates for efficiency and better comfort.

Screw pumps are a unique type of rotary positive displacement pump in which the flow through the pumping elements is truly axial. The liquid is carried between the screw threads on one or more rotors. The liquid is then displaced axially as the screws rotate and mesh. In other types of rotary pumps, the liquid is forced to travel circumferentially, however the screw pump has an axial flow pattern and low internal velocities.

It provides a number of advantages in many applications where liquid agitation or churning is objectionable. Screw pumps are classified as two different types: the single rotor and the multiple rotor. The multiple rotor is further divided into timed and untimed categories. Timed rotors rely on outside means for phasing the mesh of the threads and for supporting the forces acting on the rotors. Untimed rotors rely on precision and accuracy of the screw forms for proper mesh and transmission of rotation.

Advantages

1. Wide range of flows and pressures
2. Wide range of liquids and viscosities
3. Built-in variable capacity
4. High speed capability allowing freedom of driver selection
5. Low internal velocities
6. Self-priming with good suction characteristics
7. High tolerance for entrained air and other gases
8. Minimum churning or foaming
9. Low mechanical vibration, pulsation-free flow, and quiet operation
10. Rugged, compact design — easy to install and maintain
11. High tolerance to contamination in comparison with other rotary pumps

Disadvantages

1. Relatively high cost because of close tolerances and running clearances
2. Performance characteristics sensitive to viscosity change
3. High pressure capability requires long pumping elements

There are three basic types of screw pumps:

Single Screw

The single screw pump is more commonly known as the Archimedean screw. It is quite large; typical dimensions include a diameter of 12 inches or greater, and a length up to about 50 feet. It is normally used as a water-raising pump with the screw arranged at an angle of 30 degrees. It can also be used for handling liquids containing solids in suspension with either vertical lift or horizontal transport. The design of single screw pumps allows very little fracturing of particles and little abrasion damage to the pump. One disadvantage is the considerable bulk necessary to achieve high capacities since rotational speeds are of the order of 30-60 rpm (Warring, 1984).

Intermeshing Screw Pump

The intermeshing screw pump is commonly called a rigid-screw pump. This type of pump is suitable for a wide range of sizes, and can be run at high speeds. The larger screw pumps are used for bulk handling of oils and similar fluids. The basic type is suitable for handling most clean fluids with low flow velocities and at low heads (Warring, 1984).

Eccentric screw pump

The eccentric screw pump is versatile. It is capable of handling a variety of liquids and products with high efficiency. It comprises of a rigid screw form rotor rolling in a resilient internal helical stator of hard or soft rubber with a moderately eccentric motion. It can handle viscous liquids, slurries, pastes, solids in suspension, and delicate products. This is because of the low flow velocities through the pump (Warring, 1984).

The screw pump is the oldest type of pump. The first applications, dating back to the third century B.C., included irrigation and land drainage. The screw pump is thought to have been first used in Egypt (Ewbank, 1972). After several other types of pumps were invented, the screw pump was not used as much because these other pumps could handle higher head capacities. However, later it was found that these pumps could not handle wastewater like the screw pump could. Because of this, the screw pump became widely used for such an application. The Dutch were the first to design a spiral lift screw in 1955. After this, double screw units were put into operation for flood control in the Netherlands and in municipal sewage installations in Europe. Based on excellent results from the pumps used in Europe, the trend extended to Canada and United States and are currently used today.

Here a flexible toothed rotor is used, generally made of rubber,picture 1. This is very simple in concept, being like a revolving door, but it can involve both considerable friction and significant back leakage. It cannot therefore be considered as an efficient type of pump. On the positive side, it will readily self-prime and can achieve a high head at low rotational speeds. Much will depend on the quality of the rotor material and the type of internal surface of the casing so far as both friction and durability are concerned.

Another similar type, developed recently by Permaprop Pumpen in Germany, has an endless rubber toothed belt which is driven around two pulleys; (see picture 2). As it curves around a pulley, the teeth on the belt spread apart and increase the volume between them, thereby drawing in water. The diagram shows how both sides of the chamber simultaneously pump in opposite” directions, and suitable channels in the casing direct the water. The advantages claimed by the manufacturers are, inter alia, that it can run on “snore” indefinitely - (i.e. pumping a mixture of air and water), it will readily self-prime and suck water up to 8m and lift it a further 45m under the power of a small portable single cylinder engine. It is therefore a much more versatile pump than the equivalent centrifugal pump, but it is more complicated and expensive.

Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), often called ground-source heat pumps, have been proven capable of producing large reductions in energy use and peak demand in buildings.If the federal government set a goal for the U.S. buildings sector to use no more nonrenewable primary energy in 2030 than it did in 2008, based on previous analyses, it is estimated that 35 percent to 40 percent of this goal could be achieved through aggressive deployment of GHPs. In addition, $33 billion to $38 billion annually in reduced utility bills (at 2006 rates) could be achieved through aggressive deployment of GHPs.

The key barriers to rapid growth of the GHP industry, in order of priority:

1. High first cost of GHP systems to consumers.
2. Lack of consumer knowledge and/or trust or confidence in GHP system benefits.
3. Lack of policymaker and regulator knowledge of and/or trust or confidence in GHP system benefits.
4. Limitations of GHP design and business planning infrastructure.
5. Limitations of GHP installation infrastructure.
6. Lack of new technologies and techniques to improve GHP system cost and performance.

The following actions would address the barriers and facilitate rapid growth of the GHP industry:

1. Assemble independent, statistically valid, hard data on the costs and benefits of GHPs.
2. Independently assess the national benefits of aggressive GHP deployment.
3. Streamline and deploy nationwide programs to provide GHP infrastructure.
4. Develop and deploy programs to provide universal access to GHP infrastructure.
5. Develop the data, analysis and tools to enable lowest life-cycle-cost GHP infrastructure.
6. Expand geographic areas where high-quality GHP design infrastructure exists.
7. Expand geographic areas where high-quality GHP installation infrastructure exists.

People who have sump pumps in their homes will tell you they could not do without them.  Like many other home appliances, a sump pump requires maintenance.

It is often recommended that you do not clean the sump pump yourself but leave that task to someone who is qualified.  However, you can pour white vinegar through the unit which will eliminate most of the build up in the system.  Sump pumps have screens or openings where the water enters the pump.  These screens often get clogged, if that happens, the pump will need to be professionally serviced by a plumber.

Some manufactures recommend the sump pump be run and tested every two or three months.  I highly recommend you do that and not wait until you have two feet of water in your crawl space or basement.  If you wait and that happens the cleanup will be very expensive.  Each manufacture provides written maintenance instruction for their pump.  If those instructions are followed the pump will last a long time.

Below are a few maintenance tips:

• Fill the sump pit with water to make sure the pump is working properly.

• Go outside and check to make sure the pump is discharging properly.  Some times the pump will run but not discharge water because the screens are clogged.

• When checking the pump, make sure the float is not obstructed or stuck in one place.  It should be free floating.

• Clean the air hole in the discharge line.  If it is clogged it will not pump properly.

• Listen to the pump motor for any strange noises.  Feel the casing to see if it is warm or hot.  If the pump is whinnying or hot, stop the pump and check it out.  It is probably clogged.

• Some pumps have a battery backup.  They should be changed every couple of years.

• Make sure the pit is free of debris.  If the inlet suction screen becomes clogged, the pump will not work.

• If you spot an oily film on the surface of the water the oil seal has been breached and the pump will need to be replaced.

In general, a sump pump does not require lots of maintenance.  However, following a few simple steps will extend the life of the pump and give you the full value of the pump.